تسهیم دانش، بررسی نقش عوامل مؤثر برآن و بهره‌وری سازمان
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانی
رضا اسماعیل پور
1
(استادیار، دانشگاه گیلان، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، گروه مدیریت)
سید حسام کاشانی
2
(کارشناس ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی ،دانشگاه گیلان)
هانی نیکوکار
3
(کارشناس ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی ،دانشگاه گیلان)
کلید واژه: کیفیت سیستم, کیفیت خدمت, حمایت مدیریت, سیاست پاداش, اعتماد به همکاران, بهره وری سازمانی,
چکیده مقاله :
تسهیم دانش یکی از اساسی‌ترین گام‌ها در فعالیت‌های مدیریت دانش است. به‌منظور دستیابی به تسهیم مؤثر دانش، باید کارگران را تشویق کنیم تا دانش خودشان را تسهیم کنند. برای حفظ رقابت در بازار کار دانش و تخصص سازمانی باید به اشتراک گذاشته شود تا بتوان بهره‌وری سازمان را افزایش داد. باوجود این، اعمال موفقیت‌آمیز این تشویق بسیار چالش‌برانگیز است. این مقاله انگیزاننده‌های تسهیم دانش و بهره‌وری سازمانی ناشی از آن را مورد بررسی قرار داد. این تحقیق از نظر ماهیت از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی-همبستگی و از نظر هدف کاربردی است. به‌منظور جمع‌آوری اطلاعات هم از مطالعات میدانی و هم از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای استفاده شده است. برای مطالعه ادبیات و پیشینة پژوهش از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و برای دستیابی به هدف پژوهش از مطالعات میدانی استفاده شده است. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری شد. نمونه آماری تحقیق شامل 121 کارمند در شرکت مس کرمان بود. داده‌ها از طریق همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل واریانس و آزمون شفه با استفاده از نرم افراز SPSS 20 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که رفتار تسهیم دانش از طریق ابعاد "فرهنگ‌سازمانی" (یعنی حمایت مدیریت، سیاست پاداش و اعتماد به کارکنان) و "ویژگی‌های فنی سیستم"(یعنی کیفیت سیستم و کیفیت خدمت) برانگیخته می‌شود و تسهیم دانش با بهره‌وری سازمانی دارای رابطه مثبت و معنی‌داری است. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که عامل اعتماد به همکاران ازنظر تأثیر بر رفتار تسهیم دانش دارای بالاترین اولویت است که این خود نشان می‌دهد که اگر کارکنان به یکدیگر اعتماد داشته باشند دانش خود را به اشتراک خواهند گذاشت و درنهایت بهره‌وری سازمان افزایش می‌یابد.
Knowledge sharing is one of the most critical steps in knowledge management activities. To achieve effective knowledge sharing, it is important to encourage workers to share their knowledge. To remain competitive in the marketplace, organizational knowledge and expertise must be shared. However, successfully exerting this encouragement is very challenging. This paper investigated the motivators of knowledge sharing and the benefits of such behavior. The nature of research method is descriptive-correlation and the goal is to make it applicable. Both field and library methods used to collect data. To study research literature and background the library based method was used and to achieve research goal field method was used. Data was collected through a questionnaire from 121 employees in corporation of Kerman copper. After answering, questionnaires were analyzed with correlation statistical technique and variance analysis (scheffe test) using SPSS 20 software. The results suggested that knowledge sharing behavior was motivated by organizational-culture dimensions (such as management support, reward policy and trust to peers) and the system technical characteristics (such as system quality and service quality).Too, Results show that one factor, namely trust to peer shaving upper priority than else factors that this shows, if employees trust together, will share itself knowledge and Eventually will increase organizational productivity
Alavi, M., Leidner, D.E., (1999), Knowledge management systems: Issues, challenges, and benefits. Communications of AIS 1 (7), 1–37.
Alavi, M., Leidner, D.E., (2001), Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly 25 (1), 107–136.
Al-Busaidi, K. A., Olfman, L., Ryan, T. and Leroy, G. (2007), Revealing the Antecedents and Benefits of KMS Use: An Exploratory Study in Petroleum Company in Oman. The Electronic Proceeding of the 9th International Conference on Decision Support Systems, January 2-4, 2007, Kolkata, India.
Ba, S., Stallaert, J., Whinston, A.B., (2001), Research commentary: Introducing a third dimension in information systems design-The case for incentive alignment. Information Systems Research 12 (3), 225–239.
Bartol, K. M., & Srivastava, A. (2002), encouraging knowledge sharing: The role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 9(1), 64-76.
Boland, R.J. and R.V. Tenkasi, (1995), Perspective making and perspective taking in communities of knowing. Organiz. Sci., 6: 350-372. DOI: 10.1287/orsc.6.4.350.
Business Week, (2001), Sharing the Wealth. March 19, EB16-19.
Danaee Fard, H., Alwani, S. M., & Azar, A. (2009). Quantitative Research Method in Management: A Comprehensive Approach. Tehran: Travel-Eshraghi Publication, (In Persian).
Davenport, T.H., L. Prusak, (1997), Information Ecology: mastering the information and knowledge environment. 1st Edn. Oxford University Press, New York, pp: 255. ISBN: 0195111680.
Davenport, T., & Prusak, L. (1998), Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
De Long, D.W., and Fahey, L.(2000), Diagnosing Cultural Barriers to Knowledge Management, The Academy of Management Executive, 14(4), 113-127.
DeLone, W. and McLean, E.R. (2003), The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A ten-year update, Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30.
Gold, A.H., Malhotra, A., Segars, A.H., (2001), Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems 18 (1), 185–214.
Goodman, P.S., Darr, E.D., (1998), Computer-aided systems and communities: Mechanisms for organizational learning in distributed environments. MIS Quarterly 22 (4), 417–440.
Hafez Nia, M. R. (2008). Introduction to the Research Method in the Humanities. Tehran: Samt Publication, (In Persian).
Hansen, M.T., (1999), The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (1), 82–111.
Hendriks, P., (1999), Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing. Knowl. Process Manage., 6: 91-100. ISSN: 1092-4604.
Hinds, P. J., Patterson, M., & Pfeffer, J. (2001), Bothered by abstraction: The effect of expertise on knowledge transfer and subsequent novice performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1232-1243.
Huber, G.P., (1982), Organizational information systems: Determinants of their performance and behavior. Management Science 28 (2), 138–155.
Jain, K. K., Sandu, M. S., & Sidu, G. K. (2006), Identifying and overcoming barriers to sharing. Knowledge Management Review, 9(4), 6-7.
Kettinger, W. J. and Lee, C. C.(1994), Perceived Service Quality and User Satisfaction with the Information Services Function, Decision Sciences, 25(5/6), 737-765.
King Jr., W.R., Marks, P.V., McCoy, S., (2002), The most important issues in knowledge management. Communications of the ACM 45 (9), 93–97.
Krogh, G. (1998), Care in Knowledge Creation, 'California Management Review, 40(3), p. 133.
Lee, H. and Choi, B. (2003), Knowledge Management Enablers, Processes, and Organizational Performance: An integrative view and empirical examination, ' Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(1), 179–228.
Maltz, E., Kohli, A.K., (2000), Reducing marketing’s conflict with other functions: The differential effects of integrating mechanisms. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 28 (4), 479–492.
Maier, R. (2002), Knowledge Management Systems: Information and communication technologies for knowledge management, Springer, Berlin, Germany.
O’Dell, C., Grayson, J., (1998), If only we knew what we know: Identification and transfer of internal best practices. California Management Review 40 (3), 154–174.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, A. V. and Berry, L. L. (1985), A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and its Implications for Future, Research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41-50.
Riege, A. (2005), Three-dozen knowledge-sharing barriers managers must consider. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3), 18-35. doi: 10.1108/13673270510602746.
Schein, E. (1975), Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Soo, C., T.M. Devinney and D.F. Midgley, (2002), Knowledge Creation in Organizations: Exploring Firm and Context Specific Effects. 1st Edn., INSEAD, pp: 1-34.
Stevens, R.H., J. Millage and S. Clark, (2010), Waves of knowledge management: The flow between explicit and tacit knowledge. Am. J. Econ. Bus. Admin., 2:129-135. DOI: 10.3844/ajebasp.2010.129.135.
Stewart, A.C. and J. Carpenter-Hubin, (2001), The balanced scorecard: Beyond Reports and Rankings, Planning for Higher Education, 29:37-42. ISSN: 0736-0983.
Szulanski, G., (1996), Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal 17 (Winter Special Issue), 27–43.
Turban, E., McLean, E., and Whetherbe, J. (2001), Information Technology for Management: Making connections for strategic advantage, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, 2001.
Wang, S., & Noe, R. A. (2010), June. Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research. Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 115-131.
Wenger, E., McDermott, R., & Snyder, W. M. (2002), Cultivating communities of practice: A guide to managing knowledge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Zack, M.H., (1999), Managing codified knowledge. Sloan Management Review 40 (4), 45–58.
Zucker, L.G. (1986), Production of trust: institutional sources of economic structures, in Organizational Behavior Research, Shaw, B.M. and Cummings, L.E. ed.
_||_Alavi, M., Leidner, D.E., (1999), Knowledge management systems: Issues, challenges, and benefits. Communications of AIS 1 (7), 1–37.
Alavi, M., Leidner, D.E., (2001), Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly 25 (1), 107–136.
Al-Busaidi, K. A., Olfman, L., Ryan, T. and Leroy, G. (2007), Revealing the Antecedents and Benefits of KMS Use: An Exploratory Study in Petroleum Company in Oman. The Electronic Proceeding of the 9th International Conference on Decision Support Systems, January 2-4, 2007, Kolkata, India.
Ba, S., Stallaert, J., Whinston, A.B., (2001), Research commentary: Introducing a third dimension in information systems design-The case for incentive alignment. Information Systems Research 12 (3), 225–239.
Bartol, K. M., & Srivastava, A. (2002), encouraging knowledge sharing: The role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 9(1), 64-76.
Boland, R.J. and R.V. Tenkasi, (1995), Perspective making and perspective taking in communities of knowing. Organiz. Sci., 6: 350-372. DOI: 10.1287/orsc.6.4.350.
Business Week, (2001), Sharing the Wealth. March 19, EB16-19.
Danaee Fard, H., Alwani, S. M., & Azar, A. (2009). Quantitative Research Method in Management: A Comprehensive Approach. Tehran: Travel-Eshraghi Publication, (In Persian).
Davenport, T.H., L. Prusak, (1997), Information Ecology: mastering the information and knowledge environment. 1st Edn. Oxford University Press, New York, pp: 255. ISBN: 0195111680.
Davenport, T., & Prusak, L. (1998), Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
De Long, D.W., and Fahey, L.(2000), Diagnosing Cultural Barriers to Knowledge Management, The Academy of Management Executive, 14(4), 113-127.
DeLone, W. and McLean, E.R. (2003), The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A ten-year update, Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30.
Gold, A.H., Malhotra, A., Segars, A.H., (2001), Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems 18 (1), 185–214.
Goodman, P.S., Darr, E.D., (1998), Computer-aided systems and communities: Mechanisms for organizational learning in distributed environments. MIS Quarterly 22 (4), 417–440.
Hafez Nia, M. R. (2008). Introduction to the Research Method in the Humanities. Tehran: Samt Publication, (In Persian).
Hansen, M.T., (1999), The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (1), 82–111.
Hendriks, P., (1999), Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing. Knowl. Process Manage., 6: 91-100. ISSN: 1092-4604.
Hinds, P. J., Patterson, M., & Pfeffer, J. (2001), Bothered by abstraction: The effect of expertise on knowledge transfer and subsequent novice performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 1232-1243.
Huber, G.P., (1982), Organizational information systems: Determinants of their performance and behavior. Management Science 28 (2), 138–155.
Jain, K. K., Sandu, M. S., & Sidu, G. K. (2006), Identifying and overcoming barriers to sharing. Knowledge Management Review, 9(4), 6-7.
Kettinger, W. J. and Lee, C. C.(1994), Perceived Service Quality and User Satisfaction with the Information Services Function, Decision Sciences, 25(5/6), 737-765.
King Jr., W.R., Marks, P.V., McCoy, S., (2002), The most important issues in knowledge management. Communications of the ACM 45 (9), 93–97.
Krogh, G. (1998), Care in Knowledge Creation, 'California Management Review, 40(3), p. 133.
Lee, H. and Choi, B. (2003), Knowledge Management Enablers, Processes, and Organizational Performance: An integrative view and empirical examination, ' Journal of Management Information Systems, 20(1), 179–228.
Maltz, E., Kohli, A.K., (2000), Reducing marketing’s conflict with other functions: The differential effects of integrating mechanisms. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 28 (4), 479–492.
Maier, R. (2002), Knowledge Management Systems: Information and communication technologies for knowledge management, Springer, Berlin, Germany.
O’Dell, C., Grayson, J., (1998), If only we knew what we know: Identification and transfer of internal best practices. California Management Review 40 (3), 154–174.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, A. V. and Berry, L. L. (1985), A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and its Implications for Future, Research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41-50.
Riege, A. (2005), Three-dozen knowledge-sharing barriers managers must consider. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3), 18-35. doi: 10.1108/13673270510602746.
Schein, E. (1975), Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Soo, C., T.M. Devinney and D.F. Midgley, (2002), Knowledge Creation in Organizations: Exploring Firm and Context Specific Effects. 1st Edn., INSEAD, pp: 1-34.
Stevens, R.H., J. Millage and S. Clark, (2010), Waves of knowledge management: The flow between explicit and tacit knowledge. Am. J. Econ. Bus. Admin., 2:129-135. DOI: 10.3844/ajebasp.2010.129.135.
Stewart, A.C. and J. Carpenter-Hubin, (2001), The balanced scorecard: Beyond Reports and Rankings, Planning for Higher Education, 29:37-42. ISSN: 0736-0983.
Szulanski, G., (1996), Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal 17 (Winter Special Issue), 27–43.
Turban, E., McLean, E., and Whetherbe, J. (2001), Information Technology for Management: Making connections for strategic advantage, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, 2001.
Wang, S., & Noe, R. A. (2010), June. Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research. Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 115-131.
Wenger, E., McDermott, R., & Snyder, W. M. (2002), Cultivating communities of practice: A guide to managing knowledge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Zack, M.H., (1999), Managing codified knowledge. Sloan Management Review 40 (4), 45–58.
Zucker, L.G. (1986), Production of trust: institutional sources of economic structures, in Organizational Behavior Research, Shaw, B.M. and Cummings, L.E. ed.